Thyroid abnormalities and pregnancy
The thyroid is a small organ that lies in front of the trachea. Normally the thyroid gland is not visible or felt.
The thyroid gland creates thyroid hormones. These hormones are important for metabolism (the conversion of food into energy) and thus for growth and mental development.
Thyroid diseases
Thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men. The cause is usually an inflammation of the thyroid gland; This causes too rapid or too slow action of the thyroid gland. If the thyroid gland works too slowly, it is called hypothyroidism. If the thyroid gland works too fast, it is called hyperthyroidism. Thyroid cancer occurs but is rare.
Hypothyroidism
A slow thyroid gland creates too little thyroid hormone. This is usually congenital, but may also occur at a later age, for example, by thyroid gland inflammation. It is also possible that hypothyroidism occurs because the thyroid is treated with radioactive iodine or operated upon. In the Netherlands and Belgium, about 6 out of 1000 pregnant women have a slow thyroid gland. Usually this was known before pregnancy and these women already had medication. Symptoms of hypothyroidism may be:
• Fatigue • Dry, cold, pale yellow skin • Sluggishness in thinking and acting • Slow speech • Memory loss (concentration disorders) • Psychological complaints such as depression and apathy • Myxoidema thickened skin, eg around the eyes • and on the lower legs • Muscular weakness • Muscular pain and stiffness, especially in arms, legs and hips • Joint pain • Carpal tunnel syndrome: tingling in the hands • Heart complaints • Broken and thinning hair • Breakable brittle nails • Eyebrow failure • Weight gain • Shortness of breath Breathing), tightness • Breaking, cracking voice • Constipation • Deafness • Nervousness • Eye disorders (Hashimoto's disease) • Heavy menstruation
Hyperthyroidism
In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland creates too much thyroid hormone. Hyperthyroidism is almost always an autoimmune disease: a disease in which the body forms antibodies against itself, in this case against the thyroid gland. With more than 90 percent of hyperthyroidism, it is Graves Disease. About 1 to 2 in a thousand pregnant women have this disease. In Graves's Disease, those antibodies attack the site where the thyroid-stimulating hormone is absorbed in the thyroid gland (the TSH receptor). Those antibodies are called TSI antibodies (thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins). Complaints of hyperthyroidism may include: palpitation, weight loss, excessive perspiration, vibrating fingers, overactivity, fatigue or rapid heartbeat. Sometimes an enlarged thyroid gland may be felt or seen in the neck.
• Heart palpitations • Fatigue • Shortness of breath in exercise • Fast, regular pulse • Struma (enlarged thyroid) • Heat (excessive perspiration) • Warm, damp hands • Vibrating hands / fingers • Nervousness • Movement disorder Muscular weakness (Muscle loss in muscles) • Sore menstruation • Bowel complaints, diarrhea / more frequent stools • Foggy memory • Instability, irritability, anxiety, other psychological complaints • Insomnia fibrillation, irregular, rapid heartbeat • Retraction of the upper eyelid
Thyroid and pregnancy
The thyroid is indispensable for pregnancy and works for two at the beginning of pregnancy. That's one of the main reasons why you're so tired at the beginning of pregnancy. For the first 4 months, the fetus is completely dependent on the mother's body. The mammalian thyroid hormone plays an important role in growth, metabolism of all tissues, development and most importantly: the effect on the nervous system.
When there is a (untreated) hypo- or hyperthyroidism fertilization is difficult and sometimes even impossible. In most cases, the menstrual cycle is disrupted in the case of an underactive thyroid gland. This is usually corrected by using sufficient thyroid drugs in consultation with a specialist. As long as you do not use medication that adds the missing hormones, the risk to pregnancy is small.
With hyperthyroidism, the chance of pregnancy is reduced. As with hypothyroidism the risk of miscarriage or premature birth is greater. There is also the risk of congenital abnormality.
Thyroid problems after pregnancy
You may also suffer from a thyroid condition after birth. Often a thyroid condition is confused with postnatal depression. The complaints of postnatal depression closely match the symptoms of a thyroid disease. If you have any of the aforementioned complaints, please contact a doctor or nurse.
Most read information articles
-
1st trimester (Bloodloss)
Many women suffer from some slight bleeding in early pregnancy. Normally, women who have had slight bleeding in the first trimester have no problems during the further pregnancy. A little blood loss can be normal, but it is sometimes a cause for conc......(135116 x) Read more » -
Stomach cramps
Babies get tummy cramps. They come and go many times. It's no fun for parents either; you can see your little one in pain, the crying doesn't seem to stop, and sometimes it seems like there's nothing you can do to help. Bowel cramps oc......(120327 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy symptoms
It is important during pregnancy to know the difference between normal symptoms and those which should be reported to your midwife or doctor. Below is a list of the most common symptoms experienced by pregnant women. Areola around the nipples get ......(84875 x) Read more » -
Mucus plug
During pregnancy, a mucous membrane forms in your uterus. The mucous membrane prevents infections of your uterus. The mucous membrane will remain in place until you give birth. When labour starts, the cervix is stretched and softer. This can c......(64261 x) Read more » -
Empty days (Breastfeeding)
If you are breastfeeding, you will probably wake up early and go to bed late in the early days. Your milk production is not yet set to your baby's demands. Moms often feel uncertain during these "empty" days; baby seems insatiable and y......(62901 x) Read more » -
Feeding
For the first six months, breastfeeding or complete infant formula will usually provide your baby with enough nutrients. The amount of food a baby needs is always different for each child. According to pediatricians, you can use the following guideli......(61143 x) Read more » -
Stillbirth (Loss)
If you lose your child after the 16th week, or your child dies during childbirth, this is officially classed as a "stillbirth". It's a tragic and often traumatic experience for parents. A mix of emotions are involved; anger, guilt, sadn......(57382 x) Read more » -
Development of the foetus
An interactive video of the development of your baby. Slide the sliders to see the growth! The first picture shows the growth from 0 to 8 weeks, the second the growth from 8 to 40 weeks. You may also like this animated gif: ......(57109 x) Read more » -
2nd trimester (Bloodloss)
Occassionaly you may have some blood loss during your second trimester. Common causes include cervical growth or inflammation. Bleeding can pose a threat to both the mother and the unborn child. The most common cause of severe vaginal blood loss duri......(54689 x) Read more » -
Teeth
First teeth Generally, babies get their first teeth between 5 and 9 months. Normally, the first two are bottom incisors, followed by the top two, then the teeth to either side. All eight cutting teeth usually come through when the baby is 8 ......(52004 x) Read more » -
Sleep (Sleep during pregnancy)
During your pregnancy, you may have more difficulty sleeping than usual. A larger abdomen, heartburn, anxiety, back pain and shortness of breath lead to less sleep. You can get frustrated about the lack of good sleep. Yet sleep is very necessary......(50723 x) Read more » -
Checklist baby outfits (Checklists)
When you're pregnant you need to spend a lot of time and money, because the new little addition to your family will need a lot more than you first think! What will you need? Well, print this handy checklist so you don't forget anything! &n......(50156 x) Read more » -
Skin changes
The increase in hormones during pregnancy as well as other factors can result in changes to your skin which can include: "Pregnancy glow" You may get a radiant glow over your face. Your face seems to blush because you have more bl......(49526 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy after 35
Women are increasingly choosing to become pregnany at a later age. This has several reasons; work and career, still busy with study or promotion, no suitable partner, financial worries. The average age at which women have their first child increased ......(45497 x) Read more » -
Reflux in babies
Milk-spitting isn't the same as reflux Many newborns may spit out or dribble a mouthful of milk after they've been fed. They can drink more than they can handle, and some of it comes right back up. This little bit of returned is ......(42034 x) Read more » -
Gender of the baby
Dr. Landrum Shettles was a pioneer in fertility techniques. He was involved very early in experiments in which ova could be fertilized in a laboratory. He has also researched for years to influence the sex of babies. He also wrote a book about it, wh......(41378 x) Read more » -
Coughing and choking
It's well known that babies put "everything" in their mouths. They do this to explore their surroundings. Small objects can be dangerous to children (especially young children), the objects may become clogged in the trachea, res......(40977 x) Read more » -
Clustering (Breastfeeding)
Clustering is a common term within the breastfeeding world. In short, it means that a child wants to drink at a certain time of the day, or sometimes even more often, with you. Sometimes a child wants to be at the breast continuously. It is completel......(40100 x) Read more » -
Fluid retention (edema)
It's normal for your body to retain excess water during pregnancy. This can be on average 2 to 3 liters. In the last month, especially, this is very noticeable; symptoms include swollen hands, feet and face. Even in warm weather, you will retain ......(40092 x) Read more » -
Conceiving 30 tips
If you want to use a lubricant then use PreSeed. When you are dry the sperm have less chance of swimming up, PreSeed provides a comfortable environment for the sperms to swim through. Eat green leafy vegetables with plenty of folic acid, and thi......(39992 x) Read more » -
Breasts
Pregnancy and breast changes: During your pregnancy, your breasts are temporarily a little bigger. The following breast changes are normal: The breasts feel fuller and are more sensitive because pregnancy hormones p......(38251 x) Read more » -
Sex (Safety during pregnancy)
Sex during pregnancy Many people worry that having sex during pregnancy will somehow harm or disturb the baby. Although perhaps the mechanics, especially as you get further on in your pregnancy, may prove challenging, there is no reason couples cann......(38178 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy tests
When can you take a pregnancy test? Urine tests can take place one day before the next period starts. Blood tests can be done at 6 to 8 days after ovulation. Pregnancy tests work by checking your urine for a hormone called human chori......(37705 x) Read more » -
Jaundice
The cause of the yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes is the substance bilirubin. This substance is released by red blood cell degradation. The baby has much more red blood cells than an adult in the womb. The red blood cells also ......(37155 x) Read more » -
Hypotension (Blood pressure)
Your blood pressure depends on age, weight and health. Average blood pressure is 120/80 (120 over 80). The first number is systolic pressure. This indicates how high the arterial pressure is and when the blood is pumped into the arteries every heart ......(36925 x) Read more » -
Pelvic instability
Experiencing pain in your pelvic region is another symptom of pregnancy and quite normal. Research shows that 50 to 60% of women suffer from pelvic pain or low back pain. Early in pregnancy, hormones make the pelvis more flexible. In addition, the......(36684 x) Read more » -
Vaginal infections (Tests before pregnancy)
Normally the vaginal discharge is whitish or slightly transparent in color and feels slimy and sticky. In pregnancy it is normal that the amount and thickness of the secretions vary greatly. Most women have more discharge than normal during pregnancy......(36311 x) Read more » -
Foreskin (Baby care)
The penis primarily consists of what could be called a stem and an acorn. The "acorn" tip is very sensitive and protected by a thin fold of skin. In some boys this covering is complete, while in other boys the covering is only partial. I......(36093 x) Read more » -
During a twin pregnancy (Twins)
Approximately 3 out of every 100 pregnancies is a twin or multiple pregnancy. Normally during your first ultrasound scan it will be determined whether you are having more than one baby although it may take the entire nine months for you to get over t......(34489 x) Read more »
Guide to rashes, bumps and spots
-
Carding forums, Carders forums, Credit card dumps, iPhone carding, Altenen
From DavidReyna7162 In Q&A
92 2454 02/15/2019 -
AVA's Wearable Electronics defines 5-Day Period during which you can become P...
From evanmurray In Q&A
4 258 03/04/2019