Hepatitis-B
Hepatitis B is a serious infectious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus. This virus penetrates the liver cells and causes inflammation there. Some people experience few or no symptoms while others can be crippled by pain. This depends on the severity of the inflammation. Hepatitis is also called jaundice. This is due to an inflamed liver.
The hepatitis B virus is carried in the blood and is highly infectious. The virus also occurs in bodily fluids, such as sperm and vaginal fluid. However, blood is the most contagious.
How is it transmitted?
- During birth:
the mother has Hepatitis B in her blood, and transmits it to baby before or during birth - Blood to blood contact:
Drug users who use each other (infected) syringes and needles. Joint use of each other's infected razor blades. Medical staff may also be at risk, for example a nurse who accidentally jabs himself with an infected needle. - Sexual contact:
Intercourse without the use of condoms. The risk of infection becomes even bigger when there is damage to the mucosa. Anal sex carries the greatest risks. The mucous membranes become very easily damaged in this form of sexual contact. The risk during intercourse without a condom during a menstrual period is obviously huge.
Symptoms in men and women
Often, Hepatitis B is symptomless, but 1 in 3 will manifest symptoms. This usually occurs 2 weeks to 6 months after the time of infection.
Symptoms may include:
- lethargy
- fatigue
- abdominal pain
- itching
- joint pain
- fever
Once infection sets in, jaundiece can occur. Eyes and skin may turn yellow. Urine becomes dark and faeces becomes light. As soon as the virus is treated, the liver usually recovers swiftly. However, sometimes the liver remains inflamed and symptoms remain. This is called chronic hepatitis B.
In 5 to 10 percent of the 'cured', the virus remains in the body for many years, sometimes for a lifetime. The body does not create any antibodies that completely destroy the virus. Someone who still carries this virus is also called a carrier of the hepatitis B virus. These "carriers" can go through life without physical complaints, but they remain infectious and can pass the virus on to other people.
Research
Physical and blood tests should indicate whether you have hepatitis B.
Prevention
Prevent others from touching contaminated blood, for example on toothbrushes, razors, shavers, nail clippers, faeces or sanitary napkins. When infected blood is on the skin or mucous membranes, it must be washed off as quickly as possible. Until the virus has disappeared from the blood, sexual contact must be protected, condoms must be used.
Medicines
Usually, the disease cures itself. If your liver inflammation persists, you will be referred to a specialist, who will assess whether and what medicines are needed.
Hepatitis B is usually cured after a year. The blood is checked after six months. If the virus is out of the blood, you are no longer contagious and you can not regain the virus. However, some people continue to carry the virus and remain contagious.
Vaccination
Innoculation against Hep B is available and usually free. High risk individuals may be vaccinated, for example; partners of those with Hep B; mothers with Hep B; healthcare workers; nurses; residents of homes for the mentally ill. If you have Hep B, you should inform your partner so they can have themselves vaccinated.
Your GP is obliged to report any case of Hep B.
Also see these information articles: · Candida infection · Chickenpox · Chlamydia · HIV and AIDS · Rubella · Toxoplasmosis · Vaginal infections
Most read information articles
-
1st trimester (Bloodloss)
Many women suffer from some slight bleeding in early pregnancy. Normally, women who have had slight bleeding in the first trimester have no problems during the further pregnancy. A little blood loss can be normal, but it is sometimes a cause for conc......(136357 x) Read more » -
Stomach cramps
Babies get tummy cramps. They come and go many times. It's no fun for parents either; you can see your little one in pain, the crying doesn't seem to stop, and sometimes it seems like there's nothing you can do to help. Bowel cramps oc......(121032 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy symptoms
It is important during pregnancy to know the difference between normal symptoms and those which should be reported to your midwife or doctor. Below is a list of the most common symptoms experienced by pregnant women. Areola around the nipples get ......(86310 x) Read more » -
Mucus plug
During pregnancy, a mucous membrane forms in your uterus. The mucous membrane prevents infections of your uterus. The mucous membrane will remain in place until you give birth. When labour starts, the cervix is stretched and softer. This can c......(66296 x) Read more » -
Empty days (Breastfeeding)
If you are breastfeeding, you will probably wake up early and go to bed late in the early days. Your milk production is not yet set to your baby's demands. Moms often feel uncertain during these "empty" days; baby seems insatiable and y......(63467 x) Read more » -
Feeding
For the first six months, breastfeeding or complete infant formula will usually provide your baby with enough nutrients. The amount of food a baby needs is always different for each child. According to pediatricians, you can use the following guideli......(61720 x) Read more » -
Stillbirth (Loss)
If you lose your child after the 16th week, or your child dies during childbirth, this is officially classed as a "stillbirth". It's a tragic and often traumatic experience for parents. A mix of emotions are involved; anger, guilt, sadn......(57967 x) Read more » -
Development of the foetus
An interactive video of the development of your baby. Slide the sliders to see the growth! The first picture shows the growth from 0 to 8 weeks, the second the growth from 8 to 40 weeks. You may also like this animated gif: ......(57773 x) Read more » -
2nd trimester (Bloodloss)
Occassionaly you may have some blood loss during your second trimester. Common causes include cervical growth or inflammation. Bleeding can pose a threat to both the mother and the unborn child. The most common cause of severe vaginal blood loss duri......(55221 x) Read more » -
Teeth
First teeth Generally, babies get their first teeth between 5 and 9 months. Normally, the first two are bottom incisors, followed by the top two, then the teeth to either side. All eight cutting teeth usually come through when the baby is 8 ......(52572 x) Read more » -
Sleep (Sleep during pregnancy)
During your pregnancy, you may have more difficulty sleeping than usual. A larger abdomen, heartburn, anxiety, back pain and shortness of breath lead to less sleep. You can get frustrated about the lack of good sleep. Yet sleep is very necessary......(51352 x) Read more » -
Checklist baby outfits (Checklists)
When you're pregnant you need to spend a lot of time and money, because the new little addition to your family will need a lot more than you first think! What will you need? Well, print this handy checklist so you don't forget anything! &n......(50764 x) Read more » -
Skin changes
The increase in hormones during pregnancy as well as other factors can result in changes to your skin which can include: "Pregnancy glow" You may get a radiant glow over your face. Your face seems to blush because you have more bl......(50247 x) Read more » -
Breasts
Pregnancy and breast changes: During your pregnancy, your breasts are temporarily a little bigger. The following breast changes are normal: The breasts feel fuller and are more sensitive because pregnancy hormones p......(46728 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy after 35
Women are increasingly choosing to become pregnany at a later age. This has several reasons; work and career, still busy with study or promotion, no suitable partner, financial worries. The average age at which women have their first child increased ......(46228 x) Read more » -
Reflux in babies
Milk-spitting isn't the same as reflux Many newborns may spit out or dribble a mouthful of milk after they've been fed. They can drink more than they can handle, and some of it comes right back up. This little bit of returned is ......(42589 x) Read more » -
Gender of the baby
Dr. Landrum Shettles was a pioneer in fertility techniques. He was involved very early in experiments in which ova could be fertilized in a laboratory. He has also researched for years to influence the sex of babies. He also wrote a book about it, wh......(42068 x) Read more » -
Coughing and choking
It's well known that babies put "everything" in their mouths. They do this to explore their surroundings. Small objects can be dangerous to children (especially young children), the objects may become clogged in the trachea, res......(41604 x) Read more » -
Fluid retention (edema)
It's normal for your body to retain excess water during pregnancy. This can be on average 2 to 3 liters. In the last month, especially, this is very noticeable; symptoms include swollen hands, feet and face. Even in warm weather, you will retain ......(40679 x) Read more » -
Conceiving 30 tips
If you want to use a lubricant then use PreSeed. When you are dry the sperm have less chance of swimming up, PreSeed provides a comfortable environment for the sperms to swim through. Eat green leafy vegetables with plenty of folic acid, and thi......(40640 x) Read more » -
Clustering (Breastfeeding)
Clustering is a common term within the breastfeeding world. In short, it means that a child wants to drink at a certain time of the day, or sometimes even more often, with you. Sometimes a child wants to be at the breast continuously. It is completel......(40629 x) Read more » -
Sex (Safety during pregnancy)
Sex during pregnancy Many people worry that having sex during pregnancy will somehow harm or disturb the baby. Although perhaps the mechanics, especially as you get further on in your pregnancy, may prove challenging, there is no reason couples cann......(39790 x) Read more » -
Pregnancy tests
When can you take a pregnancy test? Urine tests can take place one day before the next period starts. Blood tests can be done at 6 to 8 days after ovulation. Pregnancy tests work by checking your urine for a hormone called human chori......(38535 x) Read more » -
Jaundice
The cause of the yellow color of the skin and mucous membranes is the substance bilirubin. This substance is released by red blood cell degradation. The baby has much more red blood cells than an adult in the womb. The red blood cells also ......(38174 x) Read more » -
Pelvic instability
Experiencing pain in your pelvic region is another symptom of pregnancy and quite normal. Research shows that 50 to 60% of women suffer from pelvic pain or low back pain. Early in pregnancy, hormones make the pelvis more flexible. In addition, the......(37549 x) Read more » -
Hypotension (Blood pressure)
Your blood pressure depends on age, weight and health. Average blood pressure is 120/80 (120 over 80). The first number is systolic pressure. This indicates how high the arterial pressure is and when the blood is pumped into the arteries every heart ......(37450 x) Read more » -
Vaginal infections (Tests before pregnancy)
Normally the vaginal discharge is whitish or slightly transparent in color and feels slimy and sticky. In pregnancy it is normal that the amount and thickness of the secretions vary greatly. Most women have more discharge than normal during pregnancy......(37002 x) Read more » -
Foreskin (Baby care)
The penis primarily consists of what could be called a stem and an acorn. The "acorn" tip is very sensitive and protected by a thin fold of skin. In some boys this covering is complete, while in other boys the covering is only partial. I......(36763 x) Read more » -
During a twin pregnancy (Twins)
Approximately 3 out of every 100 pregnancies is a twin or multiple pregnancy. Normally during your first ultrasound scan it will be determined whether you are having more than one baby although it may take the entire nine months for you to get over t......(35161 x) Read more »
Guide to rashes, bumps and spots
-
End of privilege over 100 points! 5 points, Liverpool lost to Arsenal.
From fff In Other
14 4823 07/16/2020 -
Pleasure to the eyes! Seoul Cha Pluem Rashford, Marzilla play with your heart
From fff In Other
53 3797 07/17/2020 -
Hong Dong Surat and the half-thousand club fans join to raise the cup
From fff In Other
22 2633 07/19/2020 -
Use it to the fullest! `Seoul tea` not afraid. Greenwood will be exhausted.
From fff In Other
43 2435 07/12/2020