Lazy eye (Ambylopia)
Ambylopia is a poor vision in one eye. This is caused by the fact that the eye has not been able to develop normally in early childhood. It's called "lazy eye" when one eye develops good vision while the other eye does not. The eye with the worse visual acuity is called the lazy eye. The abnormality is fairly common, with 4 out of 100 adults. Usually only 1 out of 2 eyes is lazy, but a lazy eye can also occur on both sides in rare cases.
Ambylopia can only be successfully treated during early childhood and therefore it is very important that this abnormality is discovered early. If the family has strabismus, strong spectacle lenses, lazy eyes or other ophthalmological abnormalities, it is advisable to pass this on to the consultation office or the pediatrician.
The diagnosis
The diagnosis can be made by demonstrating a clear difference in the visual acuity between both eyes. This is difficult for young children. The child himself is often unaware of it. If the child does not look cross-eyed, nothing will stand out to the parent.
Further research is then necessary. An investigation then follows where a couple of pupil dilating drops are dripped into the eyes. The refractive state of the eyes can be determined by these drops. Also the brightness of the cornea, the lens and the condition of the retina is assessed by the ophthalmologist.
Causes
- An uneven focal power in both eyes. A "lazy eye" may occur when the image formed in one eye is blurred, due to a weakness of the eye. This blurred image receives less attention in the brain and is more or less displaced. In the long run a lazy eye can arise.
- A clouding of the normally clear parts of the eye. An eye disease in which clouding occurs, such as cataract, can also lead to a lazy eye. In this case, a sharp image is not created by the clouding.
- Sometimes hereditary predisposition plays a role. Children from families in which there is a lot of squinting, lazy eyes or focal strength abnormalities should be examined at a young age for the existence of a predisposition in this direction.
Treatment
A lazy eye will have to be practiced. The eye will be covered for a number of hours per day. It can be a period of weeks to months. The younger the child is, the faster the masking of the lazy eye will have an effect.
Sometimes it is not possible to treat a lazy eye with masking. In that case pupil-dilating drops are sometimes given in the good eye. This has the purpose that this eye can not be used for looking up close. This way the lazy eye is forced to focus up close.
In some cases, surgical intervention is necessary to correct the position of the eyes.
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