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Radical Hysterectomy - A medical surgery that is performed to remove the uterus, cervix and part of the vagina. The ovaries, fallopian tubes and lymph nodes may also be removed during the procedure. The surgery is generally performed to treat endometriosis or cancer of the uterus, ovaries, or cervix.
Radical Mastectomy - Removal of the breast, underlying pectoral muscles, axillary lymph nodes and associated skin and subcutaneous tissue.
Radical Vulvectomy - An operation for the treatment of invasive vulvar cancer. During this procedure the entire vulva is removed, including the the inner and outer lips of the vagina. The clitoris may have to be removed as well. The lymph nodes will also be removed to prevent the cancer from returning.
Radiologic Pelvimetry - A more precise method of determing the diameter of the pelvis. Because radiation is used during the procedure, this method should only be used when the potential benefit exceeds the risk of radiation exposure to the fetus.
Radiopelvimetry - An x-ray examination of the pelvic region to determine the capacity and diameter of the pelvis in relation to the expected size of the fetus. This measurement is used to determine if a vaginal birth can be safely attempted.
Rape - Forced, manipulated or coerced sexual intercourse against the will of the victim. Rape is generally carried out by force, intimidation, deceit or impairment of the victim's senses. Physical damage inflicted upon a female during rape includes bruising of the cervix or vagina, swelling of the labia and tearing of the anus and/or perineum. Emotional damage, aversion to sex, anxiety and fear can also be caused from an attack.
Rapid Ejaculation - A sexual dysfunction in which the male ejaculates semen prior to or immediately upon engaging in sexual intercourse. The condition affects approximately 25-40% of men and is mainly characterized by a lack in voluntary control over ejaculation.
Reality Condom - A polyurethane sheath with two flexible rings, a closed one at one end to be fitted internally like a daiphragm and an open one at the other end to remain outside of the vagina. This provides protection against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.
Recall - A process in which a manufacturer will ask that pre-purchased materials be returned or fixed because of a defect in workmanship. Recalls can be made on vehicles, food, toys, clothes and a variety of other products. It is important to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the recall so that all products you use or consume are safe and free of defect.
Recessive Inheritance - An inheritance in which the child has received two sets of the mutant gene. Both parents must carry the gene mutation for it to be passed on to their children, however rarely will either show symptoms.
Recidive Abortion - The occurrence of two consecutive abortions before 20 weeks of gestation in which the fetus weighs less than 500 grams.
Reconstructive Mammoplasty - Insertion of an implant to replace a breast that has been removed partly or completely. The implant may be performed at the time that the breast is removed or at a later date.
Recovery Room - A hospital room, usually closeby to the operating room, that is provided with equipment and personnel for continuous monitoring of postoperative patients immediately following anesthesia. Special attention is given for airway management, pain control, nausea and vomiting.
Rectal Thermometer - A thermometer that is used to take a temperature in the rectum. Obtaining a temperature reading in the rectum is the most accurate method for diagnosing a fever. When taking a rectal temperature, it is recommended to use a water-based lubricant to ease any discomfort.
Rectocele - A condition in which the rectum protrudes or herniates into the vagina. During childbirth, the thin fibrous tissue between the rectum and vagina can weaken and tear, which will allow the rectum to protrude into the vagina. The condition can also occur during a hysterectomy.
Rectouterine Pouch - A small pouch like structure that can be found between the rectum and uterus in females and between the rectum and bladder in males.
Rectovaginal Examination - Palpitation conducted by gently inserting the middle finger into the rectum and the index finger of the same hand in the vagina, and raising the cervix toward the abdominal wall. The exam is performed to detect masses, tenderness and abnormaities in the lower rectum and vaginal wall.
Rectovaginal Fistula - A fistula between the rectum and the vagina that can result from surgical trauma.
Rectum - The last 12 centimeters of the large intestines. The rectum stores solid waste until it expelled from the body through the anus. Constipation can lead to hemorrhoids or varicose veins in the rectum during pregnancy, which can bleed and become painful.
Rectus Abdominus - The section of muscles that run down the abdomen and appear as a "six pack" when toned properly. Because of the growth that is needed during pregnancy, these abdominal muscles rupture and separate from one another. When the muscles in the abdomen begin to pull apart during pregnancy, it leads to a condition known as diastasis recti, which is most common during the second and third trimesters.
Recurrent Abortion - Three or more spontaneous abortions (miscarriages) that have occured before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Causes are generally related to genetic abnormalities, infection, diseases in the mother or abnormalities in the reproductive system.
Reflex Decidua - The part of the endometriumthat envelopes and seals the implanted contents of conception from the uterine cavity. As the blastocyst grows, it stretches and around the fourth month of pregnancy, it will undergo rapid regression.
Reflexology - A form of massage in which certain points, or accupuncture spots, of the hands, feet and ears are massaged. These points correspomd with different body parts and organs. The technique is said to decrease tensions, improve blood circulation and provide a sense of relaxation. Other common reliefs of reflexology include high blood pressure, hemorrhoids, heartburn, backache, swelling, fatigue and the turning of a breech baby. Research shows that reflexology can trigger a miscarriage if performed early on in the pregnancy or contractions when certain areas of the feet are massaged.
Regional Anesthesia - A form of anesthesia in which an individual is numb in a particular area of the body, but is able to remain conscious. The medication may be administered as one single shot or through a catheter in which medication is given over a period of time. An epidural and a spinal block are both types of regional anesthesia.
Registered Nurse - An individual that is trained to provide medical care to patients and administer medication under the supervision of a physician. A registred nurse acts as a patient's advocate and maintains a healthy relationship with the patient so that appropriate care is received. A registered nurse must be a graduate of a four-year program and also pass a state board examination. After the examination an individual must be registered and licensed to practice nursing.